UNIT 2 Hardware

UNIT 2: HARDWARE AND ITS COMPONETS. 

 In this unit you will find out the answer to the questions:

- How do you use a computer to find, process, organise, presen and sotre information.

- What are the basic componets of a personal computer? How are the used and connected?. What is their function in a computer?

- What are the basic operations performed by an operating system?
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LINK UNIT2: Hardware_and_Componets.


Task 1   

1. Put a cross in one box to show which aspect of daily life would not be affected immediately by the failure of an associated ICT system.
   C.Feeding your pet. 

2. Describe the similarities and differences between data and information.

   Data: This is the raw information to be proccesed.(unproccesed information)

   Information: Is data that people understand. 

3. Explain what is meant by hardware.
    Hardware: it is the equipment the makes up the physical ICT system. That is, the keyboard, the monitor screen, the system unit and everything inside it, and other devices connected to it, such us a printer. 

4. Draw a labelled diagram of a desktop computer system showing the range of hardware devices that could be attached to it.
                                        



5. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a laptop computer.
    Desktop computer: Usually has these basic components: a monitor, a keyboard, a mouse.

    Laptop computer: A laptop computer is slightly larger and much heavier than an A4 file. It has the same hardware as the desktop PC although the components are in one only piece.

6. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a hand-held computer.
    Desktop computer: That are basic components.

   Hand-heldcomputer: Can fit in one hand or in your pocket, but it is too small for general work. Hand- held computing devices can perform a range of activities such as personal record-keeping and satellite navigation. 

7. Explain how a PDA user can benefit from having an external keyboard.
    A PDA usually has a touch-sensitive screen. Although PDAs can be temporarily attached to   a keyboard, you cannot comfortably type a long document into a PDA. A smart phone is a mobile phone with the functions of a PDA.  And it is easier and quicker.

8. Figure 1.2 shows the flow of data through the input–output process. If the input was the intake of pupils into a school, describe what would represent the
‘PROCESS’, the ‘INSTRUCTIONS’ and the ‘FINAL OUTPUT’ (see Figure 1.8).
    Process: The class and the activities.
    Instruction: The different steps.
    Final output: The knowledge and skills. 


Task 2

1. Find out what type of motherboard you have installed on your computer. Locate the BIOS ROM chip on a motherboard. What make of BIOS ROM is it?
    (Software- feerware -Hardware)
    The BIOS is part of the booting up process during which the configuration of the computer is checked and the operating system loaded, so that everything is ready for the user to start work.
   

2. Identify the main components on a motherboard. Draw a diagram to show the position of the processor chip, the BIOS chip, the battery, the power supply connector, the memory slots, the expansion slots, the ports and other important components. Look at how components are slotted into place. 
                                      
3. Turn on your computer and watch the POST process. Note what happens if one part of your system is not working or has been disconnected (such as a LAN cable).
     So it pass to conected with the other part of the computer that you choose, but its aconsejable to put the firts part the CD/DVD because you can put a CD to repare the problem. 

Task 4

1. Locate the processor on a motherboard. What cooling device is used?
     The motherboard is the most important component within a PC system. It is a PCB that houses many of the essential parts of the PC and all connections between the PC and peripheral go through it. (application: Ma-config.com)
It using a fan and the temperature is 21cº.

2. Research the Internet for data on heat sinks. What materials might these be made from?
    Aluminium-its most easy to build and its more cheaper than cooper.    

3. Research the Internet to find out what happens (and at what temperature) if the fan stops working on a PC, or the heat sink is removed or not connected properly to the processor chip.
    If the fan stop working the temperature will be over 50Cº or 60Cº and meaby 90Cº, so it will be break down.

 Task 5

1. What types of internal memory are being used in your computer? How much is installed?
     Internal memory is used for two main purposes: to store programs that are being run and to store the data that the program works on

-RAM
-Hard drive(ROM)

-CMos

-RAM: c-MOS: This is a chip where the password is set, the date is set the date ... (it has a battery to keep that information.
-ROM: Bios: to boot the ordeandor, if everything correctly (check)
-CACHE MEMORY: much faster RAM and ROM memory.

2. Research the Internet to find out how much cache memory is used in a number of PCs with different specifications.

    The cache is equal to main memory. It can be defined as a fast and small memory, located between the main memory and the processor, designed to contain information that is frequently used in a process in order to prevent access to other memories.

    The amount of cache memory in a computer that has this memory is much less than the amount of main memory and the cache is also much more expensive.

LINK : ICT_1

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1.1. WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE?. 

Computer science is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process information using a computer.

A computer works like a system that collects INPUT data, processes it (organises, saves and transforms) and transmit into OUTPUT information.

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 ACTIVITY Nº1.

a) Make a summary in your blog about this concept.

Explain how it works using a drawing (input/process/output).

Computer science is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process information using a computer.
The use of computer has the advantage of which the information can be stored easily.

                               
                                   

INPUT: data, knowledge...(is usually be made by the keyboard and the mouse.)

OUTPUT: information, reports and intructions to make decisions. (It's in the habit of doing by the monitor or by the printer.)

PROCESS: process of calculate.(is made by the computer by means of processors storing them, modifying them and organizing them.)

FEEDBACK: people by my self it works properly.

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1.2. BINARY CODE. What is a byte?

Computers use binary code. 

The "brain" of a computer (microprocessor) has millions of tiny switches that are activated and desactivated automatically. When a switch is open, the microprocessor interprets this as a "0" and when it´s closed as a "1". Each of these digits, either 0 or 1, is called a bit (digit binary) and a group of 8bits is called a Byte.

And example of a binary code is ASCII. It is used to represent all the characters used on computers. Each symbol or letter is encoded by a group of 8 bits. 

The value of the binary numbering systems depends on their position in the group (like in decimal numberin), in this case the value is determined by a base-2 system.

* To convert a binary number into a decimal number we foinf the successive powers of 2, starting with 2^0, followed by 2^1, etc.

Example: 1011=1*2^3+0*2^2+1*2^1+1*2^0= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 11

* To convert a decimal number into a binary number we divide the decimal number by 2 successively until the quotient is 1. Then you put the remainders of the quotients in order from right to left.

Example: (25/2=12 remainder=1); (12/2=6 remainder=0); (6/2=3 remainder=0); (3/2=1 remainder=1); therefore: 25 = 11001.

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ACTIVITY Nº2. 

  

a) Make a table with the multiples of a byte.

Byte (B)  1 Byte = 8 bits

Kilobyte (KB) 1 024 Bytes = 2^10

Megabyte (MB) 1 048 576 Bytes = 2^20

Gigabyte (GB) 1 073 741 824 Bytes = 2^30

Terabyte (TB) 1 099 511 627 776 Bytes = 2^40

Petabyte (PB) 1 125 899 906 842 624 Bytes = 2^50

Exabyte (EB) 1 152 921 504 606 846 976 Bytes = 2^60

Zetabyte (ZB) 1 180 591 620 717 411 303 424 Bytes = 2^70

Yotabyte (YB) 1 208 925 819 614 629 174 706 176 Bytes = 2^80

Xentabyte (XB) 1 237 940 039 285 380 274 899 124 224 Bytes = 2^90

Wektabyte (WB) 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 376 Bytes = 2^100

b) How many bytes are there in 5KB, 8MB, and 10GB. 

      1KB=1024 bytes

      5KB=5.120 bytes

      1MB= 1 048 576 bytes

      8MB= 8.388.608 bytes

      

      1GB=1 073 741 824 bytes

      10GB= 10.737.418.240 bytes

c) Look at the order ASCII code uses to represent the first six letters of the alphabet.

   

A=65

B=66

C=67

D=68

E=69

F=70

d) Convert the decimal number 27 into binay number.

    (27/2=13, remainder=1)

    (13/2=6,   remainder=1)

    (6/2=3,     remainder=0)           27= 1101

    (3/2=1,     remainder=1)

    

e) Convert the  binary number 11101 into a decimal number.

     

     1*2^4+1*2^3+1*2^2+0*2^1+1*2^0= 29

      (x^0=1)

    

f) Convert the decimal number 255 into binary number.

   (255/2=127, remainder=1)

   (127/2=63,   remainder=1)

   (63/2=31,     remainder=1)

   (31/2=15,     remainder=1)

   (15/2=7,       remainder=1)              255=1111111

   (7/2=3,         remainder=1)

   (3/2=1,         remainder=1)

   

g) Convert these units:  2^10KB= 1024KB=1MB.

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1.3. COMPUTER COMPONETS: HARWARE.

Hardware are the physical componets of the computer, such as internal circuits, the wiring, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.

(LINK YOUTUBE: "Disecting PC")

• CPU.
• MEMORIES: RAM and ROM.
• STORY DEVICES: magnetic, optical solid state. 
• PERIPHERAL DEVICES: input, output or input/output. 

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ACTIVITY Nº3.

a) Make a picture explaning the hardware of a computer.

b) Find out how a chip is made of.

c) Find out what kind of CPU is working nowdays. List two of them with theirs features.

d) Find out how many types of  RAM memory are?

e) Make a table where you can compare the capacities of the differents storage devices.

f) Find out the types of monitors are. Drescribe it.

g) Make a set of slides about a componet and upload it using www.slideshare.net . In this case you have to look for information into the file that you can link over here: ICT2_HARDWARE

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ACTIVITY Nº4:

a) WORK_SHOP

b) CROSS_WORD
c) QUIZ

Codigo QR 

A code QR (Quick Response Barcode) is a system to store information in a counterfoil of points or a two-dimensional bar code created by the Japanese companía Denso-Wave in 1994; they are characterized by three squares that they find in the corners and that allow to detect the position of the code to the reader.
  

                                                     

computers

-computer waste.
-they are substituted every two years.
-the components of the computer produced diseases/illnes.
-environment pollution.
-there are a lot of companies that have the responsability of all of that contaminations and the problems that produce the computers.
-A lot of old cities in china wokr with the components of the computer.
-Indoor places.
-Burners
-Chips of the board.
-There are a lot of computers, tv, boards...can not be repair.